ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
F. B. Simpson, W. H. Burgus, J. E. Evans, H. W. Kirby
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 2 | February 1962 | Pages 243-249
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A26064
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The total cross section for Pa231 was measured from 0.01 ev to 2 kev, with the use of the Materials Testing Reactor fast chopper with resolutions from 0.040 to 2.0 µsec/meter. The Breit-Wigner resonance parameters have been obtained for the resonances below 11.0 ev. These measurements were made with samples prepared from 0.558 gm of Pa2O5. Weighting the level spacings inversely as 2J + 1 gives the average observed level spacings per spin state of 0.72 and 1.2 ev. This is one of the smallest spacings observed in any isotope. The average parameters give a value of 0.63 × 10−4 for the s-wave neutron strength function . A linear least squares fit to the data between 0.015 and 0.03 ev gives a value of 211 ± 2 barns for the thermal cross section. The resonance absorption integral (for neutrons with energies > 0.1 ev) is 1560 ± 55 barns, with a contribution of approximately 65% from the 0.396 ev resonance.