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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. G. Buyers, E. W. MURBACH
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 2 | Number 5 | September 1957 | Pages 679-686
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE57-A25435
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A study involving equilibration at 1573°K of fused uranium tetrafluoride and molten irradiated uranium has permitted calculation of the free energy of formation of plutonium trifluoride at 1573°K. During equilibration it is assumed that plutonium is extracted into molten uranium fluoride as represented by one of the following equations: Free energy values for the formation of plutonium trifluoride are calculated from experimentally determined equilibrium constants and the free energy of formation of uranium tetrafluoride, using the expression: The free energy of formation at 1573°K for PuF3 was found to be 93 ° 1.5 kcal/equivalent as compared to an estimated value of 94 kcal/equivalent at 1500°K based on earlier work by Brewer, Bromley, Gilles, and Lofgren.
