ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Oct 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
November 2025
Nuclear Technology
October 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
OECD NEA meeting focuses on irradiation experiments
Members of the OECD Nuclear Energy Agency’s Second Framework for Irradiation Experiments (FIDES-II) joint undertaking gathered from September 29 to October 3 in Ketchum, Idaho, for the technical advisory group and governing board meetings hosted by Idaho National Laboratory. The FIDES-II Framework aims to ensure and foster competences in experimental nuclear fuel and structural materials in-reactor experiments through a diverse set of Joint Experimental Programs (JEEPs).
Orrington E. Dwyer, Herbert E. Howe, Edward R. Avrutik
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 1 | January 1962 | Pages 15-22
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A25364
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The liquid-metal-fuel reactor concept, which has received much attention in recent years, in its commonest version is a thermal breeder and employs as a fuel a dilute solution of U in molten Bi. About 28% of the nonvolatile fission products are less reactive chemically than U. This group, customarily referred to as the FPN group, is further divided into three subgroups according to the proposed methods of removal. The FPN-I's would be removed by oxidizing them to chlorides with fused salts, the FPN-II's by precipitating them directly from the liquid fuel, and the FPN-III's by reaction with Zn to form low-density intermetallic compounds which are insoluble in Bi. The FPN-II's, representing about 90% of the FPN's, would be removed continuously, while the others, because of their low yields or relatively low thermal cross sections, would be allowed to build up in the fuel for several years without causing any particular concern. Eventually, however, they would have to be removed. The FPN-I's would be removed by the same continuous process proposed for removing those nonvolatile fission products which are more reactive than U, while the FPN-III's would be removed in a batch process similar to that currently used in the refining of Bi. The following paper includes information on the rates of build-up of the several important FPN elements in the fuel, steady-state concentrations of the FPN-II elements, reactor poisoning level of the FPN's, and experimental results in support of the proposed methods of removal.