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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
M. C. Cannon, W. R. Grimes, W. T. Ward, G. M. Watson
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 12 | Number 1 | January 1962 | Pages 4-9
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE62-A25362
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Adsorption isotherms for xenon on AGOT-grade graphite, having a surface area of 0.64 meter2/ gm, were determined at −79, 0, 20, 30, and 80°C in order to determine whether the presence of helium affects the adsorption behavior of xenon. The isotherms obtained from xenon-helium mixtures were essentially the same as those obtained using pure xenon gas. The calculated heats of adsorption for xenon range between 3500 and 3700 cal/mole and approximate the heat of vaporization of 3270 cal/mole reported in the literature. The volume of xenon adsorbed (cm3 at STP) per gram of graphite, a, versus xenon partial pressure, p (mm Hg), may be expressed by the equation a = bp0.8 over the ranges of temperature and pressure investigated. The values of b are 2.14 × 10−4 and 6.33 × 10−5 at 0 and 80°C, respectively. Based on straight line extrapolations of log plots of the adsorption isosteres to higher temperatures, b would have values of 6.5 × 10−6 and 4.1 × 10−6 at 500 and 750°C, respectively. Adsorption isotherms for argon were determined at −83 and 0°C and can be expressed by the same equation indicated above. At −83° and 0°C b has values of 1.00 × 10−4 and 1.60 × 10−5, respectively.