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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
J. Michael Doster, Mark A. Holmes
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 1 | September 1996 | Pages 125-144
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A24229
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A standard model for describing time-dependent two-phase flows is the so-called six-equation or two-fluid model, where mass, energy, and momentum equations are considered for each phase. It is well known that the single-pressure form of this model can contain complex characteristics and is therefore ill posed. This ill-posedness has been blamed for numerical instabilities that have at times been observed when finite difference solutions of these equations have been attempted. One method to render the characteristics real is to include viscous terms. The numerical implications of adding viscous terms to the six-equation model are considered, and the potential impact of these implications on the stability of the finite difference solution is evaluated.