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2025 ANS Winter Conference & Expo
November 9–12, 2025
Washington, DC|Washington Hilton
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Shifting the paradigm of supply chain
Chad Wolf
When I began my nuclear career, I was coached up in the nuclear energy culture of the day to “run silent, run deep,” a mindset rooted in the U.S. Navy’s submarine philosophy. That was the norm—until Fukushima.
The nuclear renaissance that many had envisioned hit a wall. The focus shifted from expansion to survival. Many utility communications efforts pivoted from silence to broadcast, showcasing nuclear energy’s elegance and reliability. Nevertheless, despite being clean baseload 24/7 power that delivered a 90 percent capacity factor or higher, nuclear energy was painted as risky and expensive (alongside energy policies and incentives that favored renewables).
Economics became a driving force threatening to shutter nuclear power. The Delivering the Nuclear Promise initiative launched in 2015 challenged the industry to sustain high performance yet cut costs by up to 30 percent.
C. J. Hah, T. J. Downar
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 121 | Number 3 | December 1995 | Pages 405-415
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE95-A24143
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The application of nodal equivalence theory (NET) in multigroup diffusion theory has required the use of “discontinuity factors” (DFs) to account for the homogenization errors that are inherent in all coarse-mesh nodal methods. Traditionally, DFs have been applied directly to the nodal matrix equations as multipliers to the group constants. For most problems of practical interest, the application of DFs has not led to the divergence of the iterative methods used to solve the discretized nodal equations. However, because of the large discontinuity factors resulting from the steep flux gradients in the modular high-temperature gas reactor, the inner and upscatter iterations failed to converge, motivating an investigation into alternative methods for applying NET. In this work, the augmented source method (ASM) for applying NET to the nodal expansion method is introduced. External surface sources at a node boundary are introduced to account for the homogenization errors thereby preserving the original matrix properties for which convergence of iterative methods is guaranteed. The ASM produced converged solutions for any magnitude of DFs and reproduced the reference solution when the augmented sources were constructed from the reference quantities. The application of the ASM to the core depletion calculation demonstrated the use of various approximations for the augmented source. An augmented source, which was constant during the burnup cycle, resulted in an improved solution in which the eigenvalue error was reduced by a factor of 6 compared with the nodal solution without DFs.