ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
August 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
July 2025
Latest News
Hash Hashemian: Visionary leadership
As Dr. Hashem M. “Hash” Hashemian prepares to step into his term as President of the American Nuclear Society, he is clear that he wants to make the most of this unique moment.
A groundswell in public approval of nuclear is finding a home in growing governmental support that is backed by a tailwind of technological innovation. “Now is a good time to be in nuclear,” Hashemian said, as he explained the criticality of this moment and what he hoped to accomplish as president.
M. Keyhani, L. Luo
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 119 | Number 2 | February 1995 | Pages 116-127
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE95-A24076
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Natural-convection heat transfer in enclosed horizontal N × N arrays of heated rods with a constant heat flux dissipation is numerically investigated. For a fixed rod diameter d, the width of the isothermal outer enclosure W is fixed at W/d = 20.33. Furthermore, the pitch-to-diameter ratio of the arrays is fixed at P/d = 1.33. The average Nusselt number of each rod Nud in N = 3, 5, 7, and 9 arrays is predicted for a modified Rayleigh number range of 1 to 316 with a constant Prantdl number of Pr = 0.7. Pure conduction results are also obtained for rod bundles ranging from 3 × 3 to 13 × 13. The conduction Nusselt number of the corner rod in the array is found to decrease with the increase in N from 3 to 7. However, the trend reverses, and the Nusselt number begins to increase for N > 9. The convection results show that the bottom-row rods experience the maximum variation in their local Nusselt numbers. For a given , the Nud of the rods is found to decrease with the increase in the row number (from bottom to top). The streamlines show that there is significant flow activity in the enclosure, especially in the top-half region. For arrays with N = 3 to 9, significant convection heat transfer is observed even at = 1. This horizontal orientation with distributed energy sources within the enclosure is suspected to be an inherently unstable phenomenon. The isotherms clearly show that the majority of the energy generated within the enclosure is transferred to the top and side surfaces. In these arrays, for the range of investigated, >50% of the total power input is transferred to the top surface, while the bottom surface receives <2% of the total. For each array, the overall enclosure Nusselt number is correlated as a function of the enclosure-modified Rayleigh number. The enclosure Nusselt number increases as the order of the array N is increased from 3 to 9. The reported correlations can be readily used to estimate the maximum temperatures in the N = 3 to 9 arrays.