ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 ANS Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Latest Magazine Issues
Mar 2026
Jan 2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
April 2026
Nuclear Technology
February 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. S. Ash, G. Yanow
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 55 | Number 3 | November 1974 | Pages 342-344
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE74-A23460
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In certain atomic physics experiments performed in conjunction with underground nuclear-weapon testing, it is desired that radiation energy converter plates be irradiated so as to reemit a maximum amount of radiation. The plates, composed of thin layers of materials of differing atomic number, are to be designed by choosing the material atomic number for each layer so that the plate, in toto, produces minimum photoelectron kinetic energy. Minimum photoelectron kinetic energy implies maximum energy reradiated, in the context of the radiation energy spectral regime of interest. The optimum choice of layer atomic numbers involves the solution of a novel variational problem where the minimizing function, the atomic numbers, take on integer values only. A comparison is made between the optimally designed plate and the corresponding homogeneous plate in terms of photoelectron kinetic energy produced. The homogeneous plate produces more than two orders of magnitude more photoelectric kinetic energy than does the optimally designed plate.