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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Masahiro Kinoshita, Yuji Naruse
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 82 | Number 4 | December 1982 | Pages 469-475
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE82-A21461
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This Note reports remarkable improvements in the previously reported mathematical model for multi-component separating cascades, which are applicable to the cases where the interstage flows and the stage separation factors are input variables for the calculations. The number of the independent variables is greatly decreased for much more efficient iterative calculations by the multidimensional Newton-Raphson method. Particularly, if the stage separation factors are independent of concentrations of the up and down streams, the improved model presents great decreases both in the computation time needed at each iterative step and in the number of total iterations. Several numerical experiments made for a five-component system of N2-O2-41 Ar-85Kr-133Xe, which are separated by using the porous membrane method, indicate that the total computation time is shortened by almost two orders of magnitude if the improved model is used.
