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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Henry Makowitz, James R. Powell, Richard Wiswall
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 78 | Number 4 | August 1981 | Pages 395-404
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A21374
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A new concept for the transmutation of fission products and transuranics is studied. This concept, termed HYPERFUSE, allows one inertial reactor to transmute objectionable fission products (137Cs and 90Sr) from a large number (e.g., ∼30) of light water fission reactors, while at the same time generating electric power from the HYPERFUSE plant at a reasonable net plant efficiency (e.g., ∼30%). The cost of transmutation should be relatively low compared to other fission waste transmutation concepts due to the high support rate (number of fission reactors per HYPERFUSE reactor) and the effective generation of power by the HYPERFUSE reactor. Although the HYPERFUSE concept offers the possibility of a very effective means for waste transmutation and significant reductions in both high-integrity waste storage (burial) time and long-term risk potential, hazards will be introduced by such a system due to chemical processing and handling of radioactive materials in the recovery, partitioning, and fabrication stages as well as process and accidental losses. Such process risks need to be quantified for both conventional and advanced, chemical, and isotopic separation methods in order to evaluate the overall advantages and disadvantages of such a system. A system such as HYPERFUSE, however, leads to a quantifiable set of near-term risks for the nuclear waste problem, and a possibility of the elimination of a need for long-term nuclear waste disposal over a time scale of 106 years.