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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
G. Melese-d'Hospital
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 35 | Number 2 | February 1969 | Pages 165-175
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A21132
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
If the coolant mass flow were constant across the core, the coolant temperature rise would be proportional to the channel power. But, without orificing, the coolant mass flow in the hot channel is smaller than the average flow while the outlet temperature is hotter than the mixed mean temperature. The approximate radial distributions of coolant mass flow (M/M0) and temperature rise (ΔT/ΔT0) are shown to depend only upon the (arbitrary) radial flux distribution (H/H0) and upon a single lumped core parameter (δ), proportional to the product of the pressure by the pressure drop. For simple radial flux distributions and when δ goes from zero to infinity, (M0/Mav) increases approximately from (Hav/H0) to one, while (ΔT0/ΔTav) decreases approximately from (H0/Hav)2 to (H0/Hav). The relationships between hot channel parameters, maximum clad or fuel temperatures, and thermal power are derived in the Appendix for a “chopped cosine” axial flux distribution.