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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
O. E. Dwyer
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 21 | Number 1 | January 1965 | Pages 79-89
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE65-A21017
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An analytical study has been made of the general problem of heat-transfer to liquid metals flowing between parallel plates. All the results are for the conditions of uniform heat fluxes and fully-established temperature and velocity profiles. Both unilateral and bilateral heat-transfer situations have been considered. In the former, three different methods of determining the velocity profiles were compared; and for each of these, three different types of profile curves for the eddy diffusivity of momentum, ∈M, were compared. The three different methods of determining the velocity profiles showed remarkably good agreement. In the case of bilateral heat transfer, the fraction of total heat transfer to the fluid from any one plate, ξ, was varied from zero to unity. It was found that the heat-transfer coefficient for any one plate is a sensitive function of ξ for that plate. Above ξ = 0.31, the coefficients are positive; below it, they are negative. At ξ = 0.31, the coefficient is infinite, because at this condition the difference between wall and bulk temperatures is zero. As ξ approaches 0.50, from either above or below, the shape of the εM profile in the vicinity of the center of the channel has less and less effect on the heat-transfer coefficient. When ξ = 0.50, the effect is negligible for all practical purposes. There are no adequate experimental data available with which to test the calculated Nusselt numbers, but indications are that the recommended relationships are reasonably correct.