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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Z. M. Bartolome, R. W. Hockenbury, W. R. Moyer, J. R. Tatarczuk, R. C. Block
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 37 | Number 1 | July 1969 | Pages 137-156
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A20905
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Neutron capture and transmission measurements have been carried out upon 182W, 183W, 184W, 186W, 90Zr, 91Zr, 92Zr, and 94Zr over the energy range from ∼150 eV to ≤100 keV at the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute LINAC Laboratory. Many new resonances have been observed and many resonances, reported previously as singlets, have been resolved into doublets. Most of the resonances that previously eluded observation are assigned to p-wave neutrons. Pertinent resonance parameters have been extracted from the data, and the s-wave and the p-wave strength functions of tungsten and zirconium have been determined from these parameters. The values of the s-wave strength functions in units of 10−4 are: for 182W, 2.60 ± 0.54; for 183W, 2.41 ± 0.48 per spin state; for 184W, 3.0 ± 0.6; for 186W, 2.15 ± 0.46; for 90Zr, 2.0 ± 1.4; for 91Zr, 1.2 ± 0.4 per spin state; for 92Zr, 2.6 ± 1.5, and for 94Zr, 1.0 ± 0.8. The p-wave strength functions in units of 10−4 are: for the even-even tungsten isotopes, ; for 90Zr, 7 ± 4; for 91Zr, 3 ± 2 per spin state; for 92Zr, 7 ± 5, and for 94Zr, 4 ± 2.