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First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
Paul S. Lykoudis, Robert C. Hagar
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 71 | Number 2 | August 1979 | Pages 192-201
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE79-A20410
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Piping tees that are used to mix fluid streams at different temperatures are subjected to possibly severe thermal and mechanical stresses. There is reason to suspect that mixing in a piping tee could be improved by injecting the fluid streams into the tee through multiple jets. This paper reports the results of an experimental investigation of the effects of multiple-jet injection on mixing in a piping tee. The experimental work involves the measurement of the temperature fluctuation intensity with a hot-film sensor downstream of a simple 22.22-mm (7/8-in.)-diam tee with mixed multiple-jet injected hot and cold streams of water. The jets were provided by holes drilled in plates that partially blocked the inlet streams; 26 pairs of plates were investigated. The number of holes per plate varied from 1 to 51; the jet diameters ranged from 5 to 68% of the tee diameter. The inlet stream Reynolds number upstream of the jet plates was roughly 15 500 for each stream. The data indicated that the root mean square (rms) temperature fluctuation intensity measured at the tee outlet decreased dramatically as the jet plate cross-sectional area void fraction was decreased. When the jets emanating from the tee plates were misaligned, the reduction of the rms temperature fluctuation was not as high as when the jets were aligned. The rate of decay of the intensity downstream of the tee for most of the plates investigated was found to agree well with the −3/4 power decay law predicted by Corrsin's theory of scalar decay. However, unusual features in the intensity decay data were also observed, such as an increase of the intensity several diameters downstream before continuing to decay.