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Division Spotlight
Thermal Hydraulics
The division provides a forum for focused technical dialogue on thermal hydraulic technology in the nuclear industry. Specifically, this will include heat transfer and fluid mechanics involved in the utilization of nuclear energy. It is intended to attract the highest quality of theoretical and experimental work to ANS, including research on basic phenomena and application to nuclear system design.
Meeting Spotlight
ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
W. Zobel, F. C. Maienschein, J. H. Todd, and G. T. Chapman
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 32 | Number 3 | June 1968 | Pages 392-406
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE68-A20222
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Determining the contribution of secondary gamma rays to the radiation dose produced by charged particles in space requires a knowledge of the cross sections for gamma-ray production by protons and alpha particles. The only data of this type that have been available have been for ∼145-MeV protons. In the experiment reported here, gamma-ray spectral measurements were made for protons of 16, 33, 56, and 160 MeV and alpha particles of 59 MeV incident on targets of low- and medium-Z materials. Absolute spectra were obtained, generally in the backward direction, with coincidence (pair) or anticoincidence (total-absorption) scintillation spectrometers. The analysis method used to correct for the imperfect spectrometer response yielded quantitative error estimates for the resultant spectra. A few measurements were made in the forward direction or at 90° to distinguish deviations from isotropy which were marked only for 16-MeV protons incident on a carbon target. From the spectra, cross sections were obtained for the production of specific gamma rays. Tables of these results include the probable nuclear reactions which produced the gamma rays. The production cross sections are plotted vs the average proton energy in the target for individual gamma rays for C and O. For each element, these individual production cross sections are added and the sums, which decrease with increasing proton energy, are compared with the total nonelastic cross sections predicted on the basis of intranuclear cascade calculations. The reasonably smooth variations of the total cross sections for gamma-ray production with atomic number are also shown. The proton inelastic scattering cross sections for specific levels correspond within error to 14-MeV neutron scattering data.