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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
L. L. Carter, N. J. McCormick
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 39 | Number 3 | March 1970 | Pages 296-310
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE70-A19991
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A scheme is devised which combines in a coupled manner the sampling from the transport equation and the adjoint transport equation to improve the sampling for a functional such as the space- and velocity-dependent neutron distribution due to a given source distribution. Specific use is made of sampling from the transport equation to construct a scheme for a near-optimal subsequent sampling from the adjoint equation, even when inelastic scattering is present. The energy-dependent reciprocity relation is utilized to relate the solution of the adjoint equation to that of the transport equation itself. This procedure may be expected to be advantageous when the phase-space volume contributing to the functional in the region of interest is smaller than that volume in the source region. Numerical results demonstrate that calculation times in two example problems can be significantly reduced with the coupled sampling approach.
