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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
O. J. Wallace
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 78 | Number 1 | May 1981 | Pages 78-85
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE81-A19609
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Calculations based on the integration of the point kernel over a finite source region are widely used in obtaining gamma-ray fluxes, dose rates, and heating rates. For most cases of practical interest, this integration must be done numerically. The relative merits of the trapezoidal rule, Gauss quadrature, and the semi-Gauss automatic quadrature algorithm of Patterson are discussed as they apply to the integration of the point kernel. The Patterson algorithm is superior to other quadrature algorithms for this application because it allows results to be calculated to a predetermined relative error, wastes no function evaluations, is accurate, and supplies relative error data along with the answer. It is efficient with respect to both engineering and computer time. The implementation of this algorithm for point-kernel integrations is described in detail.