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New laws offer nuclear industry incentives for existing power plant uprates
This year, the U.S. nuclear industry received a much-needed economic boost that could help preserve operating nuclear power plants and incentivize upgrades that extend their lifespan and power output.
Signed into law in 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act offers production tax credits (PTCs) for existing nuclear power plants and either PTCs or investment tax credits (ITCs) for new carbon-free generation. These credits could make power uprates—increasing the maximum power level at which a commercial plant may operate—a much more appealing option for utilities.
R. E. Thoma, C. F. Weaver, H. bisley and H. A. Friedman
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 19 | Number 4 | August 1964 | Pages 406-411
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE64-A18996
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The equilibrium phase diagram of the condensed system NaF/BeF2/ThF4 is presented. Liquid/solid phase transitions were found in the temperature range from ∼300 to 1100 C. The phase diagram of the system is based on data obtained from thermal analysis and thermal-gradient-quenching experiments; phase identifications were made employing the polarizing light microscope and the x-ray diffractometer. Thirteen crystalline phases are precipitated as primary phases from molten NaF/BeF2/ThF4 solutions: 4NaF-ThF4, 7NaF·2ThF4, 2NaF·ThF4, 3NaF·2ThF4, α- and β -NaF·ThF4, NaF-2ThF4, 2NaF·BeF2, NaF·BeF2, NaF·BeF2, ·3ThF4, NaF, BeF2, and ThF4 solid solution. The character, location, and temperature of the fourteen invariant and singular points in the system were established. The ternary system is comprised of two subsystems, NaF/2NaF·ThF4/2NaF·BeF2 and 2NaF·ThF4/ThF4/BeF2/2NaF·BeF2, separated by the quasibinary section, 2NaF·BeF2/2NaF·ThF4. The lowest liquidus temperatures in the respective subsystems were found at the eutectics, 72NaF/22BeF2/6ThF4 (mole %), m.p. 509 C, and at 55NaF/43BeF2/2ThF4 (mole %), m.p. 320 C.
