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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Wataru Shinoda, Susumu Mitake
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 36 | Number 3 | June 1969 | Pages 372-388
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE69-A18735
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We investigated the xenon-induced spatial oscillations in boiling-water cooled reactors by the use of a three-dimensional xenon dynamics code FILE-6, which solves the one-group neutron diffusion equation simultaneously with the steady state thermo-hydrodynamics equations and with the iodine-to-xenon equations in the time domain. The stability limit of the first azimuthal mode in terms of the void coefficient of reactivity was found to be in a 500 MWe heavy-water-moderated boiling-light-water-cooled reactor. When the height of the reactor core is larger than 7 m, the first axial mode becomes unstable for a void coefficient of +0.05. It has also been shown that (i) a positive (negative) void coefficient may have a stabilizing (destabilizing) effect on the axial higher modes depending on the inlet subcooling, (ii) the mode coupling between the axially zeroth and the first modes through voids has a stabilizing effect, and (iii) when the first azimuthal mode is oscillating, higher harmonics are excited in some of higher modes through the nonlinear reactivity feedback.