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Mike Kramer: Navigating power deals in the new data economy
Mike Kramer has a background in finance, not engineering, but a combined 20 years at Exelon and Constellation and a key role in the deals that have Meta and Microsoft buying power from Constellation’s Clinton and Crane sites have made him something of a nuclear expert.
Kramer spoke with Nuclear News staff writer Susan Gallier in late August, just after a visit to Clinton in central Illinois to celebrate a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Meta that closed in June. As Constellation’s vice president for data economy strategy, Kramer was part of the deal-making—not just the celebration.
Roland England, W. L. Filippone
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 83 | Number 4 | April 1983 | Pages 513-521
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE83-A18657
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Streaming ray (SR) computations normally employ a set of specially selected ray directions. For x-y geometry, these directions are not uniformly spaced in the azimuthal angle nor do they conform to any of the standard quadrature sets in current use. For simplicity in all previous SR computations uniform angular weights were used. This Note investigates two methods, a bisection scheme and a Fourier scheme, for selecting more appropriate azimuthal angular weights. In the bisection scheme the azimuthal weight assigned to an SR direction is half the angular spread (in the x-y plane) between its two adjacent ray directions. In the Fourier method, the weights are chosen such that the number of terms in a Fourier series exactly integrable on the interval (0,2π) is maximized. Several sample calculations have been performed. While both the Fourier and bisection weights showed significant advantage over the uniform weights used previously, the Fourier scheme appears to be the best method. Lists of bisection and Fourier weights are given for quadrature sets containing 4, 8, 12, …, 60 azimuthal SR directions.