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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Zhao Xuan, Zeng Fan-An
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 89 | Number 4 | April 1985 | Pages 351-361
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE85-A18626
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Using the single-channel resonating group method, in which a central nucleon-nucleon potential containing a soft repulsive core (SRC) is adopted, the (d + d) scattering phase shifts, differential scattering cross sections, and total reaction cross sections at a series of energies <20 MeV with and without imaginary potentials are calculated. The agreement between the theoretical and experimental results is quite good. The main conclusions are: The (d + d) nonlocal kernel function KS (R, R') deduced is correct; hence, the discrepancy between the kernels in other similar work is clarified. The SRC causes a decrease in the total strength of the (d − d) direct potential VNs(R) and, in particular, the strength of VNs for short range and small channel spin s decreases much more. The SRC causes a decrease in the phase shifts δls(E) (toward the negative direction); the decrease is especially large when E is at or near a resonating energy. The SRC reduces the total reaction cross sections σR appreciably and causes a distinct increase in the differential scattering cross sections dσ/dΩ(θ) at the forward and backward angles; however, it does not greatly influence the differential cross sections at other angles.