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New laws offer nuclear industry incentives for existing power plant uprates
This year, the U.S. nuclear industry received a much-needed economic boost that could help preserve operating nuclear power plants and incentivize upgrades that extend their lifespan and power output.
Signed into law in 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act offers production tax credits (PTCs) for existing nuclear power plants and either PTCs or investment tax credits (ITCs) for new carbon-free generation. These credits could make power uprates—increasing the maximum power level at which a commercial plant may operate—a much more appealing option for utilities.
Akira Sakurai, Masahiro Shiotsu, Koichi Hata
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 88 | Number 3 | November 1984 | Pages 321-330
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE84-A18586
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Film-boiling heat transfer on a horizontal test heater in a pool of saturated and subcooled water was investigated at pressures ranging from 20 kPa to 2 MPa. Platinum rods of 0.7, 1.2, 2, 3, and 5 mm in diameter were used as the test heater. A semiempirical equation and a modified Bromley equation were given, both of which could express the saturated film-boiling heat transfer coefficients within ±5% error. The heat transfer coefficients for a certain range of heater diameters under saturated and subcooled conditions were expressed within ±10% error by the two-phase boundary-layer film-boiling model with the boundary condition of equal liquid and vapor interfacial velocities. Pressure dependence of the minimum film-boiling temperature for pressure <1.1 MPa was clearly different from that for pressure >1.1 MPa. Minimum temperature in the lower pressure region seems to be determined by the hydrodynamic Taylor instability and that in the higher pressure region by the heterogeneous spontaneous nucleation limit. However, minimum temperature and heat flux of saturated film boiling in the former region did not agree with those of conventional equations based on the Taylor instability. Empirical equations of interfacial wave length, departing bubble diameter, and frequency near the minimum film-boiling temperature for the lower pressure region were given. Minimum temperature and heat flux equations were presented based on these empirical equations.