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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Vincent P. Manno, Michael W. Golay, Kang Y. Huh
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 87 | Number 4 | August 1984 | Pages 349-360
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE84-A18504
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Analytical models formulated to model accurately hydrogen transport in containments are presented. These models have been incorporated into the LIMIT computer code. The thermofluid dynamic model options span a wide range of applicability from rapid blowdown-type events to slow near-incompressible hydrogen injection. The utilization of distinct modeling treatments for the various accident stages is important, since the blowdown period is governed by thermofluid dynamic mechanisms (high Mach number, turbulent, multiphase forced convection), which are different from those of the postblowdown phase (low speed, multiphase, stratified natural convection). Detailed ancillary models of molecular and turbulent diffusion, mixture transport, and thermodynamic properties and heat sink modeling are addressed. The numerical solution of the governing equations is accomplished in discretizations of varying refinement, as are required for the successive stages of a containment accident, and emphasizes efficiency and accuracy. Two demonstration calculations are reported including the successful simulation of a large-scale experiment and the reproduction of an analytic result. Areas worthy of future development are also described. Overall, a versatile analysis methodology is introduced.