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Conference Spotlight
2026 Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
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Latest News
Mike Kramer: Navigating power deals in the new data economy
Mike Kramer has a background in finance, not engineering, but a combined 20 years at Exelon and Constellation and a key role in the deals that have Meta and Microsoft buying power from Constellation’s Clinton and Crane sites have made him something of a nuclear expert.
Kramer spoke with Nuclear News staff writer Susan Gallier in late August, just after a visit to Clinton in central Illinois to celebrate a power purchase agreement (PPA) with Meta that closed in June. As Constellation’s vice president for data economy strategy, Kramer was part of the deal-making—not just the celebration.
E. Barnard, N. A. Khan, R. C. F. Mclatchie, M. J. Poole, J. H. Tait
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 17 | Number 4 | December 1963 | Pages 513-522
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE63-A18441
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In the experiment to be described the 28 Mev electron linac at Harwell was used as a neutron source to produce 1 µsec bursts of 1011 electrons 160 times per second. A natural uranium target was placed centrally against one face of a 60 cm x 62.2 cm x 71.1 cm graphite block, and a neutron beam extracted from a channel running into the center of the block. This beam was interrupted by a slow chopper running in synchronism with the pulses from the accelerator. In this way 100 µsec “time samples” of the neutrons in the block were taken and their spectrum determined by the time-of-the-flight method. The instant of the “time sample” relative to the fast neutron pulse could be varied by an electronic delay circuit. Neutron spectra are presented for the time varying between 300 µsec and 1000 µsec after the pulse. These spectra differ from the Maxwellian shape but approach asymptotically to a “cooled Maxwellian” from which they are indistinguishable after 1000 µsec. Detailed calculations of the spectra have been made using an IBM 7090 computer to obtain a numerical solution of the time and energy dependent diffusion equation; using a scattering kernel based on the scattering measurements made at Chalk River. The experimental results are also compared with spectra using a scattering kernel based on the heavy gas model with a fictitious mass of 33.