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Norway’s Halden reactor takes first step toward decommissioning
The government of Norway has granted the transfer of the Halden research reactor from the Institute for Energy Technology (IFE) to the state agency Norwegian Nuclear Decommissioning (NND). The 25-MWt Halden boiling water reactor operated from 1958 to 2018 and was used in the research of nuclear fuel, reactor internals, plant procedures and monitoring, and human factors.
R. R. Coveyou, V. R. Cain, and K. J. Yost
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 27 | Number 2 | February 1967 | Pages 219-234
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE67-A18262
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The use of the Monte Carlo method for the study of deep penetration of radiation into and through shields entails the use of sophisticated methods of variance reduction to make such calculations economical or even feasible. This paper presents an exposition of the most useful methods of variance reduction. The exposition is unified by consistent exploitation of adjoint formulations to estimate expected values, as in previous work, and further to evaluate the variance of the resulting estimates., The connection between adjoint formulations and the choice of biasing schemes is also investigated. In particular, it is shown that the value function (the solution of the integral equation of the adjoint formulation) is always a good choice for importance function biasing; a sharp upper bound, independent of the particular problem, is found for the resulting variance. Predicted (analytic) and experimental (Monte Carlo) results are also given for a simple one-dimensional problem.