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ANS Student Conference 2025
April 3–5, 2025
Albuquerque, NM|The University of New Mexico
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
William Primak, F. P. Roberts
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 86 | Number 2 | February 1984 | Pages 191-205
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE84-A18201
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Data for the differential thermal analysis (DTA) of a borosilicate glass (designed to incorporate high-level nuclear waste and designated 76-68) subjected to radiation damage by its curium content, are presented. The DTA curves for previously isothermally annealed samples can be explained by a distribution of processes in activation energy with a frequency factor ∼1014. The theory of uniform isothermal damaging is extended to the cases of saturating and decaying damaging. The beginning of the observed DTA curves cannot be explained in this simple manner. The theory of the annealing in a thermal spike associated with the recoiling radioactively decaying curium atoms is presented and appears to account for one of the features of the DTA curve. Other features appear to involve annealing during damaging with temperature gradients in the material associated with the self-heating during radioactive decay. However, these do not explain all of the features of the DTA curves, and, in particular, the low initial slope. It is suggested that the possibility of a radiation-enhanced annealing associated with ionization be considered. The stored energy saturates very early in the damaging. If the stored energy is associated with the actinide recoils, they would have to have a 60-Å effective radius of action, about that of 2-keV displaced atoms; if it is associated with the emitted alpha particles, they would have to have a 3- to 5-Å radius of action, corresponding to displacing individual atoms along their paths. Following a comparison with the behavior of ion-bombarded vitreous silica and silicate glasses, it is suggested that the stored energy is associated with fracture of network bonds.