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First astatine-labeled compound shipped in the U.S.
The Department of Energy’s National Isotope Development Center (NIDC) on March 31 announced the successful long-distance shipment in the United States of a biologically active compound labeled with the medical radioisotope astatine-211 (At-211). Because previous shipments have included only the “bare” isotope, the NIDC has described the development as “unleashing medical innovation.”
William Primak, F. P. Roberts
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 86 | Number 2 | February 1984 | Pages 191-205
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE84-A18201
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Data for the differential thermal analysis (DTA) of a borosilicate glass (designed to incorporate high-level nuclear waste and designated 76-68) subjected to radiation damage by its curium content, are presented. The DTA curves for previously isothermally annealed samples can be explained by a distribution of processes in activation energy with a frequency factor ∼1014. The theory of uniform isothermal damaging is extended to the cases of saturating and decaying damaging. The beginning of the observed DTA curves cannot be explained in this simple manner. The theory of the annealing in a thermal spike associated with the recoiling radioactively decaying curium atoms is presented and appears to account for one of the features of the DTA curve. Other features appear to involve annealing during damaging with temperature gradients in the material associated with the self-heating during radioactive decay. However, these do not explain all of the features of the DTA curves, and, in particular, the low initial slope. It is suggested that the possibility of a radiation-enhanced annealing associated with ionization be considered. The stored energy saturates very early in the damaging. If the stored energy is associated with the actinide recoils, they would have to have a 60-Å effective radius of action, about that of 2-keV displaced atoms; if it is associated with the emitted alpha particles, they would have to have a 3- to 5-Å radius of action, corresponding to displacing individual atoms along their paths. Following a comparison with the behavior of ion-bombarded vitreous silica and silicate glasses, it is suggested that the stored energy is associated with fracture of network bonds.
