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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
C. Nordborg, L. Nilsson, H. Condé, L. G. Strömberg
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 66 | Number 1 | April 1978 | Pages 75-83
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE78-A15189
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The gamma-ray production cross section of oxygen has been measured at incident neutron energies between 7 and 10.5 MeV. The production of the 6.13-, 6.92-, and 7.12-MeV gamma rays by the (n,n′γ) reaction in 16O and the 3.09-, 3.68-, and 3.85-MeV gamma rays by the (n,αγ) reaction has been studied. In addition, the production cross section of the 4.44-MeV gamma ray from inelastic neutron scattering on carbon has been measured at one neutron energy, since many earlier measurements of gamma-ray production cross sections have been performed relative to this cross section. Monoenergetic neutrons were produced by the 2H(d,n)3He and 3H(p,n)3He reactions. The gamma radiation was detected by a large Nal(Tl) scintillator using time-of-flight techniques. The neutron flux was measured by means of a proton-recoil telescope using the n-p scattering cross section. The differential gamma-ray production cross sections were measured at 90 deg. In addition, the angular distribution for the 6.13-MeV gamma ray was determined at one neutron energy. The results for oxygen, which show pronounced structure of the cross section for the 6.13-MeV gamma ray over the whole energy region, are in disagreement with current data files, whereas the results for carbon are in agreement with a number of recent investigations of the 12C(n,n′γ)12C and 12C(n,n′)12C reactions.
