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The division was organized to promote the advancement of knowledge of the use of particle accelerator technologies for nuclear and other applications. It focuses on production of neutrons and other particles, utilization of these particles for scientific or industrial purposes, such as the production or destruction of radionuclides significant to energy, medicine, defense or other endeavors, as well as imaging and diagnostics.
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ANS Student Conference 2025
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
W. Haeck, B. Cochet, L. Aguiar
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 171 | Number 1 | May 2012 | Pages 52-68
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE10-99
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To take the production of isomeric states into account during the irradiation of a material, a depletion code needs the proper isomeric branching ratio s for every isomeric state s produced in a reaction. The composition of some nuclides such as, for example, 238Pu and some Cm isotopes is quite sensitive to the value of the isomeric branching ratio for the 241Am neutron capture reaction. Existing depletion codes use constant burnup-independent values for the isomeric branching ratio data, which were calculated in advance for a particular type of spectrum (e.g., pressurized water reactor, boiling water reactor, or fast reactor systems). In this paper, we propose a burnup-dependent treatment using evaluated nuclear data from ENDF files as a function of the irradiation history. This treatment has been implemented into the VESTA Monte Carlo depletion code using both the multigroup binning approach and Monte Carlo estimators. The validity and usefulness of this new treatment has been demonstrated using experimental data from the MALIBU program and has shown that it improves the prediction of 242mAm when using JEFF 3.1 data. It is also shown that more work is required on the measurement and evaluation of the cross-section data for the Am isotopes in general and the energy-dependent 241Am branching ratio in particular to improve the results of depletion calculations.
