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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. Hoefer, G. Dirksen, J. Eyink, E.-M. Pauli
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 166 | Number 3 | November 2010 | Pages 202-217
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE10-09
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In a level-2 probabilistic safety analysis (PSA), two types of uncertainty have to be taken into account: the uncertainty related to random variation (variability) and the uncertainty related to limited knowledge (ignorance). We present a consistent treatment of these two types of uncertainty within a Bayesian framework. This framework allows us to translate both types of uncertainty in the basic parameters into branch probability distributions of the PSA accident progression event tree (APET). This, in turn, results in probability distributions for the different release categories. A generic Monte Carlo algorithm for drawing random samples from branch probability distributions is presented, offering the possibility to directly include information in terms of empirical data. To provide an illustrative example, the developed methods are applied to a specific APET question, related to the temperature-induced rupture of the reactor coolant system in case of a high pressure accident scenario. Although this paper addresses level-2 PSA, the proposed framework is presented in a general form to be applicable to other PSA problems.