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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Susumu Naito, Makoto Takemura, Shungo Sakurai, Mikio Izumi, Yasushi Goto, Yoshiji Karino
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 166 | Number 2 | October 2010 | Pages 107-117
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE09-99
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
To simplify in-core instrumentation in a next-generation boiling water reactor (BWR), we study an ex-core nuclear instrumentation system. As a first step of this study, we focused on ex-core local power monitoring, which is especially difficult because neutrons inside a core cannot fly out of a reactor pressure vessel (RPV) due to shielding of fuel, water, etc., except when they are generated in the outer edges of the core. To resolve this, we created a local power monitoring method with neutron streaming pipes (NSPs). An NSP is a gas-filled pipe of size comparable to an instrumentation tube of an existing BWR. NSPs are axially inserted into the core. In-core neutrons are transported to the RPV through NSPs. The neutrons transmitted through the RPV are monitored with ex-core neutron sensors. We analytically evaluated the applicability of this NSP method for an advanced BWR (ABWR) with a three-dimensional BWR core simulator and the MCNP5 code. The ex-core neutron flux through the NSP was highly proportional to local power (1.0% of the residual standard deviation). The flux amount and the linearity gave feasible specifications for the ex-core neutron sensor in typical operation modes (pulse, Campbell, and current modes). Therefore, the NSP method is applicable to an ABWR.
