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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Toshiharu Takeishi, Kazunari Katayama, Masabumi Nishikawa, Naoyuki Miya, Kei Masaki
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 565-568
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Materials Interaction and Permeation | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A988
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Tritium thermal release and full combustion with oxygen were performed on isotropic graphite tiles used for plasma facing material of JT-60U. Approximately 50-80 % of tritium was released by dry argon gas purge and 20-50 % of tritium was released by humid argon gas purge up to 800-1200 °C within one day, respectively. Further several percent of tritium was released by full combustion with oxygen. It was experimentally confirmed that all retained tritium is not released by thermal dry gas purge and by use of isotope exchange reaction at high temperature in such a short period. In the full combustion operation, isotropic graphite begins to combust at higher temperature than 650 °C, but effective combustion temperature was higher than 700 °C. Since it is very difficult to heat the graphite tile attached on the wall of vacuum vessel at higher than 700 °C, it is considered to be not easy to recover all the tritium retained in the graphite while in the vacuum vessel.