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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
H. T. Bach, R. B. Schwarz, D. G. Tuggle
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 545-550
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Materials Interaction and Permeation | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A984
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
We have used resonant ultrasound spectroscopy to measure the three independent elastic constants of Pd-H, Pd-D, and Pd-T single crystal at 300K as a function of hydrogen, deuterium, and tritium concentration, respectively. The addition of interstitial H (D, or T) atoms, located at (0,½,0) in the fcc Pd lattice, affects all three elastic constants C', C44, and B. In the mixed (+) phase, and with increasing H isotope, the shear modulus C' shows an abnormal softening whereas C44 and B do not. This is explained in terms of Zener-type an elastic relaxations affecting the shape of the hydride phases in the coherent(+) two-phase mixture In the single -phase, C' shows a strong isotope dependence whereas C44 and B show none. This behavior is explained in terms of differences in the excitation of optical phonons. In Pd-T, 3He is produced by the radioactive decay of tritium. We have measured in situ the swelling and the change in the elastic constants in Pd-T as a function of aging time. Aging (3He formation) affects all three elastic constants. These measurements are being used to understand the early stages of 3H-3He cluster formation in aged Pd-T crystal.
