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September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Masabumi Nishikawa, Hiroki Takata, Toshiharu Takeishi, Kozo Kamimae
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 48 | Number 1 | July-August 2005 | Pages 386-389
Technical Paper | Tritium Science and Technology - Tritium Measurement, Monitoring, and Accountancy | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A949
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Feasibility of the monitoring way of HTO in air to follow the tritium level in water contained in a small shallow beaker with open surface placed still in a room was discussed in this study. It is considered that the isotope exchange reaction between tritiated water in air and water in a beaker, the evaporation or condensation reaction of water at surface and the diffusion of tritium in water played the important roles in the tritium transfer phenomena through the air-water interface. Using the mass transfer coefficients obtained in the previous paper, change of tritium level in water contained in a shallow open beaker was numerically estimated and comparison with the experimental data showed good agreement. The estimated amount of tritium released from the facility with storage pools of spent fuels from a PWR power station using the method of this study showed good agreement with the observed value evaluated from the monitor of the power station