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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
X. Litaudon, Tore Supra Team
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 3 | October 2009 | Pages 1445-1452
Technical Papers | Tore Supra Special Issue | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A9187
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A vision for a long-term scientific and technological development for Tore Supra is highlighted in this paper. The proposed Tore Supra developments aim at consolidating the physics and technology of continuous tokamak operation on the route toward the development of a fusion reactor. This ambitious programmatic vision requires a significant power upgrade of the rf heating and current drive systems to operate Tore Supra up to the 20-MW power level in the long-pulse regime, i.e., at a convected heat flux up to 10 MW/m2 on the actively cooled plasma-facing components. This would allow an ambitious exploration of physics and technology issues of continuous tokamak operation in synergy with the stellarator program.