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Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Zengyu Xu, Chuanjie Pan, Wenhao Wei, Xiaoqiong Chen, Yanxu Zhang, Wenzhong Li
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 36 | Number 1 | July 1999 | Pages 47-51
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST99-A90
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
It is important that magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow velocity distribution in the cross section of a duct be related to materials compatibility, heat transfer, and MHD pressure drop. The first experimental results are given of the velocity distribution across the rectangular duct on the center plane and of the two-dimensional (2-D) MHD pressure drop effect due to the 2-D velocity distribution. The results show that both the boundary and core velocity distributions on the center plane of the duct increase with an increase of the Hartmann number M. However, the approach theory expected the core velocity distribution to decrease with an increase of M. The 2-D effect factor for the MHD pressure drop due to the 2-D velocity distribution was also carried out. This explains why the numerical results of the MHD pressure drop gradient are lower than in the experiments. Theoretical analysis of the 2-D and three-dimensional effects on the velocity distribution and MHD pressure drop is also included.
