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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
Gianfranco Federici
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 56 | Number 1 | July 2009 | Pages 3-12
Fusion Technology Plenary | Eighteenth Topical Meeting on the Technology of Fusion Energy (Part 1) | doi.org/10.13182/FST09-A8868
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
ITER is being built in Cadarache in the South of France and will be the world's largest experimental facility to demonstrate the scientific and technical feasibility of fusion power. Europe will contribute roughly half of the construction costs while the other six parties to this joint international venture (Japan, China, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation, India, and the United States), will contribute equally to the rest. Europe is involved in the procurement of most of the high-technology items e.g., parts of the superconducting toroidal and poloidal field coils, parts of the vacuum vessel and in-vessel components, parts of the remote handling systems, parts of the additional heating systems, parts of the tritium plant and cryoplant and finally parts of the diagnostics.This paper provides an overview of the different EU contributions to the ITER project related both to the last stages of the design and to the start of the procurement procedures for the components of the machine.