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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Xiaoyong Luo, Mingjiu Ni, Alice Ying, M. Abdou
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 4 | May 2005 | Pages 1187-1191
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Inertial Fusion Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A848
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The development of predictive capability for free surface flow with phase change is essential to evaluate liquid wall protection schemes for various fusion chambers in IFE and MFE. This paper presents a numerical methodology for free surface flow with heat and mass transfer to help resolve feasibility issues encountered in the aforementioned fusion engineering fields. The numerical methodology is conducted within the framework of the incompressible flow with the heat and mass transfer model. We present a new second-order projection method, in conjunction with Approximate-Factorization techniques (AF method) for incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The level set method was used to capture the free surface of the flow and the deformation of the droplets accurately. This numerical investigation identifies the physics characterizing transient heat and mass transfer of the droplet and the free surface flow. The preliminary results show that the numerical methodology is successful in modeling the free surface with heat and mass transfer, though some severe deformation such as breaking and merging occurs. The versatility of the numerical methodology shows that the work can easily handle complex physical conditions in fusion science and engineering.