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Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The Frisch-Peierls memorandum: A seminal document of nuclear history
The Manhattan Project is usually considered to have been initiated with Albert Einstein’s letter to President Franklin Roosevelt in October 1939. However, a lesser-known document that was just as impactful on wartime nuclear history was the so-called Frisch-Peierls memorandum. Prepared by two refugee physicists at the University of Birmingham in Britain in early 1940, this manuscript was the first technical description of nuclear weapons and their military, strategic, and ethical implications to reach high-level government officials on either side of the Atlantic. The memorandum triggered the initiation of the British wartime nuclear program, which later merged with the Manhattan Engineer District.
B. R. Christensen, A. R. Raffray, M. S. Tillack
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 4 | May 2005 | Pages 1175-1179
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Inertial Fusion Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A846
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In an inertial fusion energy (IFE) power plant, each fusion micro-explosion (~10 Hz) causes thermal and structural loads on the IFE reactor wall and driver optics. The loading on the wall must remain sufficiently low to ensure that economic and safety constraints are met.One proposed method for decreasing the intensity of the wall loading is to fill the reaction chamber with a gas, such as Xe, at low density. The gas will absorb much of the radiation and ion energy from the fusion event, and then slowly release it to the chamber wall. Unfortunately the protective gas introduces major heat loads on the direct drive target. The thermal loading of a target, during injection, largely determines the viability of that target upon reaching chamber center. Thus, the density of the gas must be carefully selected to ensure that a target will survive injection.The objective of this work is to quantify and characterize the heat flux resulting from the interaction of the target and the protective gas. The loading of the target is modeled using DS2V, a commercial DSMC (Direct Simulation Monte Carlo) program. Using DS2V, this work explores the effect of the protective gas density, temperature, sticking (condensation) and accommodation coefficients on the heat flux to the target.