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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Yoshi Hirooka, Hirotsugu Ohgaki, Souichirou Hosaka, Yusuke Ohtsuka, Masahiro Nishikawa
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 703-707
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Divertor and Plasma-Facing Components | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A767
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
In our previous work, the first proof-of-principle experiments were successfully conducted on the particle control capability based on the concept of moving-surface plasma-facing component (MS-PFC). Over a continuously titanium-gettered rotating drum, hydrogen recycling was found to be reduced down to levels around 94% even at steady state. These experiments on the MS-PFC concept have now been extended to the second stage where lithium is employed as the getter material, while using the same rotating drum. These experiments are intended to pilot the potential use of lithium as a flowing liquid facing the edge plasmas in steady state reactors beyond ITER. Reported in this paper are rather dramatic findings that hydrogen recycling is reduced down to levels around 76% and 86% at steady state over the rotating drum at the lithium deposition rates of 9.5 Å/s and 7.3 Å/s, respectively. These steady state recycling data have been nicely reproduced by a simple zero-dimensional particle balance model.