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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
S. I. Abdel-Khalik, M. Yoda
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 601-609
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - Inertial Fusion Technology | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A752
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper provides an overview of experimental and numerical studies conducted at Georgia Tech to assess the fluid dynamics aspects of liquid protection schemes for fusion energy reactors. The problems described here include: (1) Dynamics of slab jets for thick liquid protection, including the effect of nozzle design, flow conditioning, and boundary layer cutting on jet surface smoothness; (2) Primary turbulent breakup of turbulent liquid sheets and forced thin liquid films, and quantification of the associated hydrodynamic source term; (3) Dynamics of forced films on downward-facing flat and curved surfaces, including film detachment and flow around beam ports; (4) Free-surface topology and drop detachment from downward-facing porous wetted walls; and (5) Thermocapillary effects and associated design constraints for liquid-film-protected divertors and first walls.The experimental data and validated numerical models developed in these studies allow reactor designers to identify design windows for successful operation of liquid-protected first walls and plasma facing components in inertial and magnetic confinement systems.