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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
José Guasp, Macarena Liniers, Cándida Fuentes, Germán Barrera
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 35 | Number 1 | January 1999 | Pages 32-41
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST99-A75
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The neutral beam power transmitted into the helical axis stellarator TJ-II is calculated for the final duct design of TJ-II. The transmitted beam is intercepted by the first toroidal field coil before reaching the plasma. The nontrapped fraction of the beam hits various vacuum vessel components.The adopted design of the graphite thermal shields used as vacuum vessel protection at TJ-II is presented. The design achieves a compromise between maximum power into the torus and minimum loads on sensitive parts.A three-dimensional version of the beam geometric code DENSB is set up to calculate the power loads due to shine-through neutrals on the shields under these circumstances. Power load maps are the input to the finite element code ANSYS for the calculation of temperature distributions.For the usual duty cycle at TJ-II (300-ms pulses every 300 s), the peak surface saturation temperatures at all surfaces remain under 650 °C, well below the tolerable limits for graphite.
