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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Guillaume Mignot, Mark Anderson, Michael Corradini
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 574-578
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - First Wall, Blanket, and Shield | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A747
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The behavior of supercritical (SC) fluid during a blowdown is under investigation. A model based on a steady state Homogeneous Equilibrium Model (HEM) and conditions with and without friction is presented. Calculations indicating three different possible regimes in a blowdown scenario are calculated with this model. The single-phase flow in the supercritical region and the transition either into sub-cooled water, a two-phase fluid or a superheated gas near the critical point results in an interesting flow with a wide range of behavior. Depending on the initial conditions and the geometry either vaporization or condensation can occur either in the pipe or at the exit. In addition, these results are to be extended to other fluids like CO2, R22 or R134a by comparing thermodynamic properties and their dynamic evolution to dimensionless SC water results. Finally the design of an experiment with initial data on the depressurization of a supercritical water system is presented.