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Fixing the barriers: How new policies can make U.S. nuclear exports competitive again
The United States has a strong marketplace of ideas on future civil nuclear technology. President Trump wants to see 10 large reactors under construction by 2030 and has discussed making $80 billion available for that objective. Evolutionary small modular reactors based on light water reactor technology are on the market now, and the Tennessee Valley Authority expects a construction permit for a project at its Clinch River Site later this year.
J. M. McDonald et al.
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 3 | April 2005 | Pages 554-558
Technical Paper | Fusion Energy - First Wall, Blanket, and Shield | doi.org/10.13182/FST47-554
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The molten salt Flibe, a combination of lithium and beryllium fluorides studied for molten salt fission reactors, has been proposed as a breeder and coolant for fusion applications. The melting points of 2LiF-BeF2 and LiF-BeF2 are 460°C and 363°C, but LiF-BeF2 is rather viscous and has less lithium for breeding. In the Advanced Power Extraction (APEX) Program, concepts with a free flowing liquid for the first wall and blanket were investigated. Flinabe (a mixture of LiF, BeF2 and NaF) was selected for a molten salt design because a melting temperature below 350°C appeared possible and this provided an attractive operating temperature window for a reactor. To confirm that a ternary salt with a low melting temperature existed, several combinations of the fluoride salts, LiF, NaF and BeF2, were melted in a stainless steel crucible under vacuum. One had an apparent melting temperature of 305°C. The test system, preparation of the mixtures, melting procedures and temperature curves for the melting and cooling are presented along with the apparent melting points. Thermal modeling of the salt pool and crucible is reported in an accompanying paper.