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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
E. Westerhof, J. A. Hoekzema, G. M. D. Hogeweij, R. J. E. Jaspers, F. C. Schüller, C. J. Barth, H. Bindslev, W. A. Bongers, A. J. H. Donné, P. Dumortier, A. F. van der Grift, D. Kalupin, H. R. Koslowski, A. Krämer-Flecken, O. G. Kruijt, N. J. Lopes Cardozo, H. J. van der Meiden, A. Merkulov, A. Messiaen, J. W. Oosterbeek, P. R. Prins, J. Scholten, V. S. Udintsev, B. Unterberg, M. Vervier, G. van Wassenhove
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 47 | Number 2 | February 2005 | Pages 108-118
Technical Paper | TEXTOR: A Flexible Device | doi.org/10.13182/FST05-A692
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TEXTOR is equipped with two gyrotrons at 110 and 140 GHz, respectively. Both share a single power supply and a confocal quasi-optical transmission line. They cannot be operated simultaneously. The 110-GHz gyrotron with limited power and pulse length (300 kW; 200 ms) has been used in a first series of experiments on electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) and electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) and for collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostics of energetic ions. In the future the 110-GHz gyrotron will be operated exclusively for CTS diagnostics, while for ECRH and ECCD, the newly installed 140-GHz, high-power (800-kW), long-pulse (>3-s) gyrotron is now available. The highlights of first ECRH experiments with the 110-GHz gyrotron are reported. These include observations of internal transport barriers with ECRH on various target plasmas: in the current plateau phase of both ohmic and radiation improved mode (RI-mode) discharges. In addition, sawtooth control by localized ECRH is demonstrated. First results on CTS include the observation of the slowing down of energetic ions and of the redistribution of energetic ions in sawtooth crashes.
