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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Vasily K. Gusev, Nikolai V. Sakharov, Vitaly V. Shpeizman, Vladimir A. Korotkov, Anatoly G. Panin, Vladimir F. Soikin, Seppo O. J. Kivivuori, Asko J. Helenius, Jukka V. A. Somerkoski, Jukka A. Heikkinen
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 34 | Number 2 | September 1998 | Pages 137-146
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/FST98-A59
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The central solenoid is a critical component of the spherical tokamak Globus-M (plasma major radius R = 0.36 m, plasma minor radius a = 0.24 m, aspect ratio R/a = 1.5, toroidal magnetic field BT 0.62 T, plasma current Ip 0.5 MA). The two-layer solenoid, 1312 mm long with a 200-mm outer diameter, is located between the 112-mm-diam inner rod of the toroidal field coils and the 217-mm-diam inner cylinder of the vacuum vessel. Strong magnetic and thermal cyclic loads acting on the solenoid require that it be manufactured from a high-strength hollow conductor. The conductor material selected for the solenoid winding is CuAg0,1(OF). Advanced manufacturing technology has made it possible to increase the continuous length of conductor (with an ~20 × 20 mm2 cross section) up to the 66 m that is required for Globus-M. To verify the winding procedure, a one-sixth-length solenoid prototype has been constructed and tested with loads exceeding the design loads acting on the full-scale solenoid. The tests included magnetic and strain measurements. The results are in satisfactory agreement with structural analysis.
