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WIPP: Lessons in transportation safety
As part of a future consent-based approach by the federal government to site new deep geologic repositories for nuclear waste, local communities and states that are considering hosting such facilities are sure to have many questions. Currently, the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in New Mexico is the only example of such a repository in operation, and it offers the opportunity for state and local officials to visit and judge for themselves the risks and benefits of hosting a similar facility. But its history can also provide lessons for these officials, particularly the political process leading up to the opening of WIPP, the safety of WIPP operations and transportation of waste from generator facilities to the site, and the economic impacts the project has had on the local area of Carlsbad, as well as the rest of the state of New Mexico.
Hiroshige Kumamaru
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 8 | November 2024 | Pages 984-1000
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2273041
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Relating to the design of liquid-metal blankets in a fusion reactor, numerical calculations have been performed on liquid-metal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flows in rectangular ducts with sudden expansions. Conservation equations of fluid mass and fluid momentum, together with the Poisson equation for electrical potential, have been solved numerically. The numerical calculations have been performed for Hartmann (Ha) numbers up to the order of 10000 and expansion ratios up to 4. The pressure loss through the expansion has been estimated by the loss coefficient ζ divided by the interaction parameter N, i.e., ζ/N. The loss coefficient ζ/N through the expansion parallel to the magnetic field is much larger than that through the expansion perpendicular to the magnetic field. The loss coefficient ζ/N increases consistently with the expansion ratio. The loss coefficient ζ/N does not change very much with the interaction parameter N and the wall conductance ratio.