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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Stephen Allan Becker
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 1 | October 2024 | Pages S105-S109
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2235494
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
On October 31, 1952, the United States successfully detonated the Los Alamos Mike thermonuclear device on the surface of Elugelab Island at Eniwetok Atoll in the Pacific Ocean. This test was the first demonstration of a high-yield thermonuclear explosion on Earth. The 10.4-Mt device yield obliterated Elugelab Island and left a 6240-ft-diameter underwater crater. Later, radiochemical analysis of the explosion debris produced the unanticipated discovery of 15 new heavy transuranic isotopes and two new elements, which were later named einsteinium and fermium. Initially, the discovery of these elements was classified, but in 1955, the results were declassified and announced to the world. The Mike results later led to the development of the Heavy Element and Isotope Effort under the U.S. Plowshare Peaceful Nuclear Explosions Program, under which additional new heavy transuranic isotopes were produced.