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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Andrei I. Shumeiko
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 7 | October 2024 | Pages 856-869
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2227504
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The development of new space missions and the growing interest in space exploration have created an urgent need to develop high-thrust propulsion systems capable of propelling spacecraft far beyond the Earth and the solar system for long periods. Electric propulsion can potentially enable space missions to reach speeds thousands of times greater than conventional high-thrust chemical rockets. However, high speed comes at the cost of low power-to-thrust efficiency when considering propulsion systems as a whole, including the power generation system, transmission lines, and thrusters, which prevents high thrust from being achieved with any conceivable power system, resulting in long acceleration times. In addition, modern electric propulsion systems rely on external power sources that suffer significant power transfer losses at the high power levels required for high thrust levels. In addition, modern electric propulsion systems suffer from a number of critical physical and engineering problems that affect thrust levels and longevity. In addition, modern electric propulsion systems do not follow the principles of generation and acceleration of plasma flow that can be observed in space and potentially borrowed for artificial applications.
This paper discusses several promising electrodeless plasma thruster concepts for high-power, high-thrust electric propulsion systems based on a combined power source/power converter/thruster architecture. These concepts have the potential to overcome modern limitations of high-power electric propulsion systems and enable new outer space missions that would not be possible with conventional thrusters.