ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
Florian Priester, Maximilian von Benthen, Robin Größle
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 80 | Number 3 | May 2024 | Pages 571-575
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/15361055.2023.2166779
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Based on good experience with Raman systems in general and the µRA systems in particular, we try to expand the capabilities and possible applications of Raman spectroscopy. A central aspect is the excitation wavelength since signal intensity and fluorescence background depend on that. Besides the common 532-nm laser (green), we used a 660-nm (red) and 405-nm (blue) laser, hence the name µRA-RGB. All three systems share the same basic principle (fiber coupling between laser, Raman head, and spectrometer) and only differ because of necessary adjustments for the excitation wavelength used, like the laser edge filter. As the original µRA system has already proved its capability to simultaneously detect all six hydrogen isotopologues, this first RGB study was limited to H2, D2, and equilibrated mixtures of both. With one of Tritium Laboratory Karlsruhe’s proven LARA systems connected to the same gas mixing loop system, comparing the µRA systems against it was possible. This paper shows the results of the measurement campaign comparing all three µRA systems (405-, 532-, 660-nm excitation wavelengths) and the comparison to the well-established large Raman systems (LARA, 532 nm).