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Fusion Science and Technology
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General Kenneth Nichols and the Manhattan Project
Nichols
The Oak Ridger has published the latest in a series of articles about General Kenneth D. Nichols, the Manhattan Project, and the 1954 Atomic Energy Act. The series has been produced by Nichols’ grandniece Barbara Rogers Scollin and Oak Ridge (Tenn.) city historian David Ray Smith. Gen. Nichols (1907–2000) was the district engineer for the Manhattan Engineer District during the Manhattan Project.
As Smith and Scollin explain, Nichols “had supervision of the research and development connected with, and the design, construction, and operation of, all plants required to produce plutonium-239 and uranium-235, including the construction of the towns of Oak Ridge, Tennessee, and Richland, Washington. The responsibility of his position was massive as he oversaw a workforce of both military and civilian personnel of approximately 125,000; his Oak Ridge office became the center of the wartime atomic energy’s activities.”
Y. Takeiri, S. Kubo, T. Shimozuma, M. Yokoyama, M. Osakabe, K. Ikeda, K. Tsumori, Y. Oka, K. Nagaoka, Y. Yoshimura, K. Ida, H. Funaba, S. Murakami, K. Tanaka, B. J. Peterson, I. Yamada, N. Ohyabu, K. Ohkubo, O. Kaneko, A. Komori, LHD Experimental Group
Fusion Science and Technology | Volume 46 | Number 1 | July 2004 | Pages 106-114
Technical Paper | Stellarators | doi.org/10.13182/FST04-A546
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The electron internal transport barrier (ITB) is formed with centrally focused electron cyclotron resonance heating superposed on plasmas heated by neutral beam injection in the Large Helical Device. The electron transport is investigated for the electron ITB plasmas observed in various magnetic axis positions of Rax = 3.6, 3.75, and 3.9 m, and it turns out that the core electron transport is reduced with suppression of the anomalous transport in all three magnetic axis positions. In the theoretical calculations, positive radial electric fields are generated in the improved transport region, implying that the electron ITB formation is correlated with the neoclassical electron root. At an outer-shifted configuration of Rax = 3.9 m, where the helical ripple is large, the thermal diffusivity is decreased with decreasing collisionality, suggesting the reduction of the ripple transport by the radial electric field. The temperature and density conditions for the ITB formation are consistent with the theoretical density dependence of the transition temperature to the neoclassical electron root from the ion root.